IBMs Invention of the First Personal Computer

In July of 1980, IBM representatives met for the first time with Microsofts Bill Gates to talk about writing an operating system for IBMs new hush-hush personal computer. IBM had been observing the growing personal computer market for some time. They had already made one dismal attempt to crack the market with their IBM 5100. At one point, IBM considered buying the fledgling game company Atari to commandeer Ataris early line of personal computers. However, IBM decided to stick with making their own personal computer line and developed a brand new operating system to go with. IBM PC AKA Acorn The secret plans were referred to as Project Chess. The code name for the new computer was Acorn. Twelve engineers, led by William C. Lowe, assembled in Boca Raton, Florida, to design and build the Acorn. On August 12, 1981, IBM released their new computer, re-named the IBM PC. The PC stood for personal computer making IBM responsible for popularizing the term PC. Open Architecture The first IBM PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor. The PC came equipped with 16 kilobytes of memory, expandable to 256k. The PC came with one or two 160k floppy disk drives and an optional color monitor. The price tag started at $1,565. What really made the IBM PC different from previous IBM computers was that it was the first one built from off-the-shelf parts (called open architecture) and marketed by outside distributors (Sears Roebuck and Computerland). The Intel chip was chosen because IBM had already obtained the rights to manufacture the Intel chips. IBM had used the Intel 8086 for use in its Displaywriter Intelligent Typewriter in exchange for giving Intel the rights to IBMs bubble memory technology. Less than four months after IBM introduced the PC, Time Magazine named the computer man of the year.

Human Trafficking Is an Inhumane Act of Mankind Essay...

Human trafficking can be dated back to pre-historic times. Slavery, a cruel form of human trafficking, lasted in the United States of America for over two centuries. Even after slavery stopped existing, human trafficking remains to be a problem worldwide. Many people have come to believe that this human act only occurs in third world countries but there are about 50,000 people trafficked a year in the United States. Human trafficking is an inhumane act of mankind and is an issue that a lot of Americans need to be aware of. Hollywood films and exaggerated media productions dont really show the full side and terrible effects of human trafficking. There are two types of trafficking. One of them is known as labor trafficking and†¦show more content†¦Paloma was also told by the con man that if she escaped, her younger sister would be killed. Like in Paloma’s situation, most of the victims are unable to escape because the traffickers use their loved ones in order to threate n them. The main problem about human trafficking is that people believe most of the cases to be untrue because they are not able to see the trafficking happening. Unlike in times of slavery, most of the forms of human trafficking now happen indoors or underground. There are 12.3 million victims of human trafficking worldwide. In the United States of America, there are 18000-20000 people who are victims of human trafficking ever year. The bad part about it is that even in our Oklahoman community, there are many cases of human trafficking happening every single day. There is one case in Oklahoma that just happened the other day. The Oklahoma Police department arrested a man named Philip Gatson who was involved in the cruel act of human trafficking. Gatson and a woman named Sylvia Watson, were caught outside a gas station that is in NW 122nd Street and Macarthur. Just about two miles from where our school is. The two were found with a 17 year old girl who was listed on the national crime database as a victim of sexual human trafficking. Gatson was only 23 years old, an age that someone would not expect to be involved in such matters. The police had also arrested him in an operation known asShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And The Victims Protection Act Of 20002380 Words   |  10 Pages In today’s society, human trafficking is a war that is fought all over the world. This form of modern day slavery affects people of all genders, specifically women and children. This is a global issue that is known throughout the world. 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Fiji Water has the duty to act non-negligently when extracting this resource without harming the people, the land, or the environment. Tom Heap’s (2008) article Bottled Water: Who Needs It? argued that bottled water is â€Å"morally unacceptable† – the discomforting fact while havingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesYork City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking

Managing Workplace Diversity Business Environment

Question: Discuss about the Managing Workplace Diversity Business Environment. Answer: CA City Department Store areas of diversity policies. The management of workplace diversity is very critical in ensuring the development and maintenance of a business environment that caters to the interests of all people within the organization(Bedi, Lakra, Gupta, 2014). Therefore, there is a need to establish the areas of organization diversity policies. These areas include age, sexuality and gender diversity, disability, linguistic and cultural diversity and organization resources(Al-Lamki, 2005). Similarly, CA City department store has critical areas such as employees diversity to suit sales and product demographics, resources diversity needed in the promotion of the new products and new organization culture which the employees should conform to. CA City Department Store Diversity Policy Review. The present CA diversity policies do not match with the company cultural diversity. The equality and diversity at the workplace are not observed, and therefore all employees are treated in the same way regarding disabilities, religious beliefs, language, ethnicity, age, and gender. Therefore, the new diversity policies should be focused on training employees to facilitate them to market a new range of products both in Europe and Asia. The impact of CA City Department Cultural Diversity on Organization. The organization cultural diversity can impact an organization positively or negatively(Seyed-Mahmoud, 2004). For the CA City Department Store, the present cultural diversity has positive effects on the organization. For example, the current diversity policies have exposed employees to other different workplace cultures which have been very crucial in enhancing their personal growth. Considering that the department store will be entering into the new markets of Asia and Europe it can improves its diversity by acquiring employees with Asian and European ethnicities. Diversity Policy that respects the employees. Commonly, diversity comprises employees background, race, education, organizational function, tenure, cognitive style, personality, ethnic group, gender and race(Greenberg, 2015). Therefore, in the implementation of the diversity policies, the management should ensure all these critical aspects have been put into consideration(Algahtani, 2013). The most successful strategy of ensuring comprehensive diversity policies is through engaging all the stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of the diversity policies. The involvement of all employees in the diversity policy can be achieved through education and training programs, non-discriminatory performance appraisal, mentoring programs and outreach programs such as community-based recruitments, scholarships, and internship programs. This approach will ensure that all the first diversities of each group of employees have been recognized for the implementation of the policies. How to provide feedback and suggestions the efficiency of CA Department Store Diversity Policies. The best way to report results should be by observing the performance of the new diversity policy(Harvey, 2012). This can be reported in in two ways, first, by observing the behavior of the employees at the workplace and arrive at a conclusion whether the diversity policies have been effective. Secondly, the human resource manager can obtain the results from the employees themselves and report the same to the top management. The second method seems more appropriate as the employees may exhibit different behavior when they notice they are being observed than when required to provide their opinions and views about the new diversity policy. Understanding Cultural Diversity in the workplace. Personal culture guides an individual behavior and moral ethics(Hubbard, 2004). On the other side, organization culture entails established norms, values, and beliefs that govern how an organization runs it day to day activities(Naff Kellough, 2003). Therefore, for an individual to suit in the organization culture, the management should establish a culture that incorporates employees personal values. Similarly, my personal culture entails being professional in intertwined within the organization culture. However, upon interacting with other staff members in my department, I have noted that possess extremely different cultures. For example, I noticed that employees like working only during normal working hours. This culture has characterized by the following features; The research culture embraces undertaking tasks and duties only at the time which they have been allocated. Based on this culture people make decisions according to the task ahead of them. The relationship in the workplace are work related, and people become emotional when they are requested to work overtime. This culture is good as it strictly observes time which has been scheduled for each task. Bearing in mind this culture is largely time-based there is no social rules and boundaries applicable to the genders. The research culture respects power as it is confined only during working hours. Therefore, it observes workplace rules and ethics. The relation of the people and the employers is only limited to the workplace. The culture entails professional and direct communication. Working with people of this culture is awesome. This is because the culture is more professional and thus resulting inefficiency in the workplace. How to use Recruitment and Selection Policies to achieve great Workplace Diversity Polices. During recruitment and selection, the Human Resource manager should aim at balancing labor market demographics to ensure increased workplace diversity. Pertaining the age of the workers, employees distribution is relatively balanced, and therefore, the management should observe the same trend during recruitment and selection. On originality of the product to give it an equal representation, the company should reduce the Australian made products and increase both Asian and European made products. To achieve this, the company focus on recruiting more employees of European and Asian origins. Training Need Analysis for the Workplace Diversity Policy. On analysis of the sales of womens wear, there is a big problem pertaining the purchase of the European and Asian made products. Therefore, there is a need to train the sales people dealing with womens wear products to embrace the customers of all diversities irrespective of their countries of origin. On the other side, the sales personnel of menswear has embraced the new workplace diversity policy. Therefore, the company management can use menswear manager as a role model of women's wear manager. How to solve managers conflicts. As a mediator, neither menswear manager nor women's wear manager should win in this scenario(Kwak, 2002). To maintain a neutral position the Human Resource Manager should undertake the women's wear manager through the training of cross-cultural management. On the other side, HR manager should also urge the menswear manager to explain benefits of effective cross-cultural management. Given that the complaint has risen from the women's wear manager, the human resource manager should first strive to trace the cause of the allegations. This should be followed by involving all the parties involved in the allegations to come into final agreement. However, it would be effective to impose punitive measures if some of the parties are found to have violated organizational policies and procedures. How HR Manager can help CA Department staff to improve business through; By making sure that all products are given equal opportunity for all customers irrespective of the origin of the products or the background of the customers. Services should be provided equally to all the customers either Australians, Asians or Europeans. Effective and non-discriminatory customer relationship should be maintained for all customers. CA Department Stores Process of Managing Harassment allegations. The first step entails making the complaint by letting the offender know that the behavior is offensive(CA City Retail Group, 2012). If the offender does not change then, the offended can communicate the same to his or her supervisor. If the issue is not resolved, the offended individual can seek support from another senior manager. Upon receiving complaints, the manager should take the appropriate courses of actions and commence the process of investigating the complaint. If the offender is found guilty, then the possible outcomes should be applied accordingly to reinforce the offender to conform to the desired behavior of the organization. In the case of workplace discrimination or harassment, for example, direct or indirect discrimination or workplace bullying the employees should report the same to the immediate manager. Alternatively, where the manager is involved in inappropriate behavior, the employee should report to the senior management for appropriate measures to be undertaken. How enhance organization workforce diversity to improve companys reputation through; Management is the crucial internal forum that can be used to promote workforce diversity to build company reputation. To achieve this, the company can adopt three aspects that include communication, actions, and accountability. Communication should be maintained throughout workplace diversity policies. Management should be actively seen involved in the workplace diversity. Finally, management should be accountable to the results of workplace diversity. Company customers form the best external forum to promote workforce diversity(Mundy, 2015). The treatment of all customers equally irrespective of their origin will send a message to the public that the company embraces diversity in the workplace. How workforce diversity promote products and services. Workforce diversity facilitates harmonious co-existence of the employees of diverse cultures(Saxena, 2014). On the other side, good diversity policies have some other benefits such as broad service range, increased adaptability, a variety of opinions and viewpoints and effective execution of the tasks. This will make the marketing of the companys new products easier. Alternatively, to reach the consumers of all age brackets the company should consider adopting age diversity while acquiring new products to the anticipated new target markets. Both ethnicity and age diversities will be competitive advantages compared to international players in the same markets. How to continue supporting company workplace diversity. The human resource manager can continue supporting the organization to value workplace diversity by always adhering to the diversity vision and goals. This will be a good example for other employees to emulate. Again, encouragement of fairness within the organization and treating other people how they wish to be treated will be a true indication that the organization should continue valuing workforce diversity. Show interest in learning other peoples cultures, races, and ethnicities to portray that the human resource manager values the diversity exhibited by different employees within the organization. References Algahtani, A. (2013). Diversity in the Corporate Setting. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(14), 53-57. Al-Lamki, S. M. (2005). Orientation: The essential ingredient in cross-cultural management. International Journal of Management, 530-568. Bedi, P., Lakra, P., Gupta, E. (2014). Workforce Diversity Management: Biggest Challenge Or Opportunity For 21st Century Organizations. Journal of Business and Management, 16(4), 102-107. CA City Retail Group. (2012). CA City Retail Group Policies and Procedures. Cleveland: Corporate CA City Lane. Greenberg, J. (2015, December 12). Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions. Retrieved from AlphaMeasure, Inc: https://www.multiculturaladvantage.com/recruit/diversity/diversity-in-the-workplace-benefits-challenges-solutions.asp Harvey, C. P. (2012). Understanding and Managing Diversity. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Hubbard, E. (2004). The Diversity Scorecard: Evaluating the Impact of Diversity on Organizational Performance. San Francisco: Elsevier. Kwak, M. (2002). Maximizing Value Through Diversification: Diversifying can be the best way for companies to match their capabilities to the marketplace. MIT Sloan Management Review. Mundy, D. (2015, November 1). How Public Relations Function can take the Lead in a New Generation of Diversity and Inclusion. Retrieved from https://www.instituteforpr.org: https://www.instituteforpr.org/diversity-2-0-public-relations-function-can-take-lead-new-generation-diversity-inclusion-di-initiative/ Naff, K., Kellough, E. (2003). Ensuring Employment Equity: Are Federal Diversity Programs Making a Difference? International Journal of Public Administration, 26(12), 13071336. Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce Diversity: A Key to Improve Productivity. Shaping the Future of Business and Society - Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), 11, 76-85. Seyed-Mahmoud, A. (2004). Managing workforce diversity as an essential resource for improving organizational performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 53(6), 521 531.

Daimler and Chrysler- Business Strategy & Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy case of Daimler and Chrysler. Answer: Review of Merger and acquisition Daimler and Chrysler: Daimler Ag is one of the most popular German based automotive companies that mostly manufacture engines, motor vehicles as well as automobile. In the year of 1998 the company entered into a merger and acquisition with another most popular Michigan based automotive company, Chrysler Group LLC. The merged business entities started to operate their business under the name of DaimlerChrysler AG. However, the merging had transpired only for a short time i.e. until 2007, it has presented a great deal of examples for a strong point of merging along with various drawbacks (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). According to the CEO of both of the companies, the main purpose of the merger and acquisition was to form a multi-billion business formation by uniting both successful business entities. The strategic move was mainly aimed to drive out the competition of the market and thereby dominate the automotive industry. Despite all of that, it was evident that Chrysler was in dire need of this particular kind of strategic move, which ensured financial support. The last internal struggle to overthrow the hostile takeover by its shareholder had damaged the companys financial foundation. In addition to that, the company sensed a necessity of change and business expansion. In this context, Daimler-Benz has been proved to be the most perfect match for Chrysler as it is a financially self-sufficient multinational business organization (Phillips and Zhdanov 2013). On the other hand, Daimler had the perfect opportunity of diversifying the product range with an effective fashion. Most of the business scholars agreed that the merger and acquisition between Daimler and Chrysler would be successful because of their lack of conflicting interest. However, in the end the merger and acquisition proved to be a futile effort due to numerous imperative discrepancies between these two companies. The foremost issue which had been identified was the contradictory corporate culture which had raised a critical concern regarding the work environment of the merged companies (Ferris et al. 2013). In the same context, it had also been observed that unlike Chryslers tendency of being innovative and exploring, Daimler mostly relied on the hierarchy as well as formality, where business activities were concerned. Moreover, the cross border cultural contrast also has been a major obstacle for successfully making the merger successful. Employee expectations, management style as well as public relation had a great amount differences which ultimately hindered the actual merging and acquisition process at a whole. Concept of Mergers and Acquisition: The merger and acquisition refers to the process where two or more companies undergo through a transaction process where the ownership of the companies, business organizations as well as the various operating units are combined as well as transferred. The mergers and acquisition is mostly focused with the growth, shrinkage as well as change of the entire business setting. The major focus of the Mergers and acquisition is mostly focused on attaining the most necessary improvement of the competitive position of the respective business organizations (Angwin 2012). In the contemporary world, the extensive study of mergers and acquisitions ha identified that the majority of the business organizations are deeply inclined towards this particular strategic movement. From the traditional sense of the legal concept, the term merger is considered as the consolidation of two different business entities focused in transforming into one single business entity in the global market. At the same time, acquisition refers to the legal arrangement whereby any given organization controls the ownership of the equity interests, assets as well as stocks of the other business organization (Boschma and Hartog 2014). However, these business movements both are deeply focused on the consolidation of the entire organizational assets, liabilities along with strategic activities. In the context of working of merger and acquisition activities, one organization takes over another company or business body. This purchase can range from full to partial ownership of assets and liabilities. In this process, the two companies formulate another distinct and distinguishable enterprise, where the existence of the previous companies does not remain at all. There are two different kinds of merger and acquisition activities noted in the contemporary market (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). These classifications are called private and public merger and acquisition. The classification of the merger and acquisition activities greatly relies on the registration of the merging company or the acquiring company on the public stock market. Therefore, in these existing market environment the organizations use the merger and acquisition strategy as a value creation strategy. The current examples in the existing marketing environment has identified that the market and acquisition can be parted in two different category which are friendly as well as hostile. The current study of the merger and acquisition has identified that achieving success has been proved to be highly difficult for the contemporary organizations. It has been observed from the current marketing study, that companies which are highly focused on the acquiring other companies in a chronological fashion, are greatly successful (Cartwright and Cooper 2014). On the other hand, the companies who have a tendency of acquiring companies occasionally mostly struggle to adjust with the external market environments. The organizations of the existing market have evolved the buyout scenario which has been proved to be most successful as well as realistic practices in the current market situation. In addition to that, the market has formed a form of buyout system known as ECO buyout which is deeply focused on buyout in regards to the co-community ownership as well as new generation buyout (Ferris et al. 2013). There are two distinct buyout systems which are known by MIBO and MEIBO. The approach of the merging and acquisition can be distinguished in two different parts, such as the friendly and hostile merger and acquisition. Both approaches of merger and acquisition depend on the intention of employees, shareholders as well as board of directors of the target companies. Types of Mergers: Acquisitions and Mergers are mainly categorized in four broad categories based on the product and the market structure in which the acquirer and occupied company operates before the merger. Straight merger: Horizontal merger is said to take place when there are two firms operating in the same kind of trade and along the same environmental location as well. The most famous example of horizontal merger is the acquisition or merger of Times bank by or with HDFC Bank. Upright Merger: Vertical merger amalgamates the operability of a provider along with a purchaser. In the case of a backward upright merger, the customer acquires the provider. For example, RPG Groups acquirement of Harrison Malayalam equipped it with a control over rubber, which in turn serves as a major input for another group of company. However, on the other hand, in the case of forward merger suppliers acquire the customers. This can be seen in the case of acquisition of Quest Apparels (manufacturer of denim jeans) by Arvind Mill (well-known manufacturer of denim fabrics). Concentric Merger: A market/ knowledge extension merger takes place between two firms of similar category whose sales does not overlie but may get bigger by the geographical and manufactured goods market. Conglomerate Merger: Conglomerate merger takes place between firms, which are not related in business activities. The main purpose of amalgamation is to make proper use of financial resources, diversification of risk in association with a synergy of managerial functions. Motives associated with Mergers and Acquisitions: There are a number of motives, which are associated with mergers and acquisitions. These motives range from economies of scale to managerial motives. Differential Efficiency: The theory of differential efficiency focuses on the differential efficiencies associated with different management of different organizations. Kolev et al. (2012) pointed out that there is a positive correlation between corporate efficiency at the managerial level and the sale price of dividends of that company. This clearly means that if a management of a company is poor, market price of shares of that company can definitely be low in comparison to the other companies of the same industry. This difference in share prices of the companies depicts that there is a chance of potential capital gain if the management of the company is transferred to a more efficient hand. Inefficient Management: The inefficient management theory is associated with differential efficiency theory. Takeover is considered as the effort exerted by the shareholders of the acquired company to control the management of the company. Sometimes, managers are faced with a problem of abandoning their existing strategies, even when these strategies are not effectively contributing to the growth process of the company. Whenever the need for restructuring is overlooked by the higher management, the capital market via the market for corporate control comes into action for the purpose of rescue (Krishnan and Masulis 2013). The target companys shareholders pass on the control to the more competent management by taking over the market. There are some other motives as well; these are operating synergy, pure diversification, agency problems, market power and so on. Theories of merger and acquisitions: The inclusive study on the topic of merger and acquisition has promoted that there are several competing theories which are highly influential for merger and acquisition. The most popular theories of merger and acquisition are disciplinary mergers theory as well as synergistic mergers theory. 1. Disciplinary Mergers Theory: The disciplinary mergers theory is highly focused with pursuing the objectives by the firms managers in the context of discipline target rather than focusing on the maximization of profit of the firm. There are recognizable numbers of managers who are focused on meeting the goals rather than focusing on profitability. However, on the contrary it has been also observed that efficiency of the operational practices can be affected by the difference of focus. Therefore, the disciplinary mergers theory can have a greater adverse effect on the performance of the company. The acquirers mostly notice that despite of the poor performance of the organization, whether they owns a profitable amount of assets or not (Galpin and Herndon 2014). After that, the acquirers are focused on disciplining the performance of the respective performance in order to implement their assets to gain the necessary profits. This way the acquiring management body transforms the poor c ompanies performance into their full potential with a proper discipline. This kind of merger and acquisition activities is noted as disciplinary mergers theory. 2. Synergistic mergers theory: The synergistic mergers theory is highly focused on combining the target of both enterprises along with improving their whole performance in a collaborative fashion. The acquirers are well accounted of the necessary complementarities between the organizations target as well as business (Gomes et al. 2013). The marketing scholars as well as managers have successfully identified that target of the business can enhance their collaborative performance in order to gain a distinct edge in respect to the overall profits along with revenue generation. In addition to that, the combined assets as well as efforts can be highly effective to gain the necessary competitive advantages in order to thwart the rivals. Non-Realization of gains in mergers and acquisitions There are various researchers who have tried to investigate the reason of failure of merger and acquisition. As stated by Goyal and Joshi (2012) more than 50% of the merger and acquisition fails due to cultural differences. According to Halkos and Tzeremes (2013), there are various reasons behind the failure of merger and acquisitions. They include economic fluctuations, incompatible facilities and technologies and cultural differences. Success of integration depends on the significance paid by both the companies and the strategic fit in the pre-acquisition stage. However, it can be found that strategic fit is given more importance at the cost of organizational fit in the pre-combination stage of the merger. As stated by Holburn and Vanden Bergh (2014), it leads to unsatisfactory outcomes of mergers and acquisitions. According to Ishii and Xuan (2014), organizational fit can be described as the match between administrative practices and the personal practices to acquire the target or ganization. On the other hand, strategic fit can be defined as the degree to which a target organization augments the acquirers strategy. Hence, it has significant impact on the non-financial and financial goals of the company. As acquisition requires combining various organizational activities, issues related with organizational requirements have to be considered. As stated by Mahesh and Prasad (2012), if during the period of acquisition, the organizational fits are considered then the outcome of merger or acquisition can be less effective. According to Park et al. (2013), integration can be focused as an important part that ensures success of merger. In the following paragraphs, the making and significance of HR integration has been discussed. Integration of Merger and Acquisition Integration between two companies can vary from total amalgamation to partial absorption or absolute independence of the main association. Thus, this description is determined that the level of integration straightly connects to the buying companys objective. In most cases, integration takes place when two companies become a single new body on every stage (Goyaland Joshi 2012). In addition, it is possible that integration can be separated into some different parts and can be defined on precise levels. Integration of people: This situation takes place when new employees and old employees have similar commercial culture and all the workers feel that they are a part of the organization. Integration of systems: This situation takes place when all the employees are connected to single corporate system. It is also essential that the system is operating smoothly without disruption. Integration of manufacture: This happens when construction processes are assimilated to expand an individual manufacture method. After clarifying the meaning of integration, the important thing is to address an essential question, which is, When does the procedure of integration actually begin? As mentioned by Goyaland Joshi (2012), preparation for integration process starts when a target is being considered. He also mentions that there are five primary key elements of the process of integration known as strategic and financial objectives, transactions stage, transition stage and incorporation stage and evaluation (Halkos and Tzeremes2013).. It is evident that a firms approach to integration was based on two serious size of gaining. HR Integration of Merger and Acquisition: In the contemporary market, the human resource management plays a very significant role in respect to the effective working of the merger and acquisition. In this context, the major processes which are included are assimilating employees of both acquired as well as merging companies into a merged entity (Phillips and Zhdanov 2013). There are two distinct sub processes of the entire HR integration process. The foremost sub process is highly focused on exercising culture developing, learning facilitation, new products training as well as communication. On the other hand, the second sub process is deeply concentrated on the organizational structure combination, service conditions, and reward system as well as employee relations. This particular process has effectively pointed out that most organizations failed to achieve success with the mergers and acquisitions business movement because of the negligible concern on the human resources factor of the strategic approach. In the same context, the extensive study of merger and acquisition indicated there are vital ten success factors which are highly crucial for the growth of the organization at the time of merger and acquisition activities. These factors are classified into two different factors such as HR related factors as well as economic factors. The economic factors include search of acquisition, financial resources, due diligence, integration plan as well as synergies (Piesse et al. 2013). On the other hand, The HR related factors are management team, environment of learning, culture of the organization, communication as well as intellectual capital. In the current context, the most adverse effect of the merger and acquisition practices which has been identified is Merger syndrome. It is referred as the major reason of disappointing outcomes of the merger and acquisition. These adverse effects are personal preoccupation, rumor mongering, job performance distractions as well as psychosomatic reac tion. These factors are highly handled by the Human Resource Management of the acquire organizations. HR Interventions in Mergers and Acquisitions: According to Angwin (2012), transition in the human resource management cannot be presented as an event. It should be represented as a process. There are tendifferent steps for completing a successful human resource transition. The steps are development of proper plan for the integration project, performing the human resource due diligence review, analyzing and comparing the difference between the compensations and different values, comparing and contrasting beneficial strategies and analyzing the values, developing strategies for integrating the employees by providing more values, determining the leadership styles, addressing the duplicity in organizational operations, preparing proper communicational strategy for the employees, defining the data requirements of the transition and developing employee retention strategy within the organization. Boschma and Hartog (2014) mentioned that quick decisions are important for the effective practices of the human resource transitions. It is e xtremely important to discuss the decisions regarding the transitions openly as group discussions. The effectiveness of the leadership style is the most vital factor of the human resource transition process. The time taken for the decision making and the way of communicating the decisions with the employees is the main fact behind the success of the whole transition process. The decisions should be applied immediately as per the requirement of the organization but have to be efficiently communicated and discussed with the employees in a convenient way. Contextual leadership style is able to build a community that can help develop a co-operative workforce within the organization (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). The leadership style must have to be supportive at the time of applying the transitions in the whole human resource management of an organization. As Maksimovic et al. (2013) mentioned that, merger can reduce competition and provides the monopoly of power a company. With lesser competition and higher market share, a new organization can increase price for customers. For example, there is a merger developed between British Airways and BMI. As stated by Gomes et al. (2013), this merger provided British Airways higher opportunity to attain greater percentage of flights departure to Heathrow and it provides higher scope for the company for increasing the base price. As stated by Ferris et al. (2013), merger can increase market monopoly and can lead to less choice for consumers. It is undesirable in any market condition. According to Phillips and Zhdanov (2013), merger can lead to job losses. As stated by Grant (2016), job losses can occur due to aggressive takeover done by an asset stripping organization. Sometimes it has been found that firms can merge in order to get rid of the under-performing sectors of the organization. As mentioned by Alluru et al. (2016) the importance of mergers varies from one case to another. Depending on the case scenario, the cost and benefits of each merger can vary. The desirability of merger can be analyzed by its capability to reduce market competition and its significance to improve economies of scale for any industry. As mentioned Alluru et al. (2016) the importance of mergers varies from one case to another. Depending on the case scenario, the cost and benefits of each merger can vary. The desirability of merger can be analyzed by its capability to reduce market competition and its significance to improve economies of scale for any industry. There are several important advantages and disadvantages of mergers which are discussed below. Advantages of mergers Research and development In some industries, it has become crucial to invest in research and development in order to discover new products. As mentioned by Lindsay and Berridge (2012) merger can enable a company to become more profitable. It also enables a company to gain greater funds that can be invested on research and development. According to Cheng and Seeger (2012), merger is important in industries like drug research Economies of sale The major advantage of merger is that, it can give rise to potential economies of scale. As mentioned by Weber and Yedidia Tarba (2012), it is known as horizontal merger. According to Riad et al. (2012), horizontal scale can be quite extensive if the industry has high fixed cost. On the contrary, Kafouros and Forsans (2012) argued that, if merger becomes vertical, then the scope of economics becomes lower. Avoiding duplication As stated by Reuer et al. (2012) in some industries mergers can occur in order to avoid duplication. For example, two car making companies can compete in the same country. Regulation of monopoly Sometimes a company can gain market monopoly power from a merger. However, it does not mean that a company will increase the price of products if it is sufficiently regulated by the government. As Zhou and Li (2012) stated, most of the governments have developed price control policies to limit the increase of price of a specific product. Hence, companies can gain benefits from the economies of scale and consumers do not have to face monopoly of prices. Disadvantages of mergers Higher price As Maksimovic et al. (2013) mentioned, a merger can reduce competition and provide monopoly of power to a company. With lesser competition and higher market share, a new organization can increase price for customers. For example, there is a merger developed between British Airways and BMI. As stated by Gomes et al. (2013) this merger had provided British Airways higher percentage of flights leave to Heathrow and it provides higher scope for the company to set scope to set higher price. Less choice As stated by Ferris et al. (2013) merger can increase market monopoly and can lead to less choice for consumers. It is undesirable in any market condition. Decreasing job options According to Phillips and Zhdanov (2013), a merger can lead to job losses. As stated by Grant (2016), job losses can occur due to aggressive takeover done by an asset stripping organization. Sometimes it has been found that firms can merge in order to get rid of the under-performing sectors of the organization. Analysis of the external environments of Daimler-Chrysler merger As Sakas et al. (2014) stated external factors are the events that take place outside a company. These factors are tough to predict and control. According to Jadvar and Colletti (2014), external factors can be more dangerous for a company given the fact that these factors are unpredictable. Some examples of external environment are such as economic fluctuations, competitive revelry, political factors, government regulations and the industry analysis. As Li and Liu (2014) mentioned, with the help of SWOT analysis and Porters 5 forces, the external environments of Daimler-Chrysler merger has been analyzed. Porters 5 forces for the Daimler-Chrysler merger Power of buyers Buyers power of the company was high as modern lifestyles had a propensity to live in convenience. As Wagner and Hollenbeck (2014) stated that, due to the increase recession care buyers have become more price-sensitive. They became more attracted towards eco-friendly cars to save money for diesel and petrol. As stated by Hill et al. (2014), consumers are a large portion of the industrys output, and it is for this reason that the European car industry became environment conscious. Power of suppliers Suppliers power for the automotive industry was low, as there were many suppliers in the car market of Europe. Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants in the automotive industry was low, as the barrier of market entry was high due to the high requirement of financial resources for RD, in order to make product differentiation. Threat of product substitutions The threat of product substitution for the company was medium. Europeans can substitute automobiles to other transportation such as Bicycles and Euro trains. As Pervaiz and Zafar (2014) stated, customers on longer distance travel often use low cost airlines and railways. Competitive rivalry As Cartwright (2012) stated that, competitive rivalry for the global automotive industry was high. There are various competitors such as AUDI, BMW, Toyota, Porsche, and Hyundai who are able to give tough competition to the Daimler-Chrysler merger. SWOT analysis of Daimler-Chrysler merger Strengths Daimler-Chrysler merger combines two strong companies. Gottlieb Daimler had established an engine car making company named as Mercedes-Benz. As stated by Maksimovic et al. (2013) the Daimler-Chrysler merger had become a leader in innovation within 1 year of starting a business. Strong existing product brands of Mercedes and increasing market share of both strong companies helped the merger to gain record revenue in the form of unique and individual business entity. Weakness Daimler-Chrysler merger combined two different cultures. The management process of organizing, planning and controlling of the company Daimler-Benz was more efficient and safe. However, the management of company Chrysler is known for its risk taking approach. Daimler-Benz emphasized on design, quality and engineering and after sales service. On the other hand, Chrysler was more focused on developing high volume and low cost car manufacturing and product distribution (Pervaiz and Zafar2014). Due to these contrasting cultures of these two merging organizations, employees became more confused and their job satisfaction level was also decreased. As stated by Zhou and Li (2012) , employers were leaving the company at a high rate, as they were not able to cope with the new organizational culture. It is harder for the new management team to inspire employees about the mission and vision of the organization. It has been found that, lack of governance is another weakness of the Daimler-Chrysler merger. As Hill et al. (2014) stated Juergen Schrempp and Bob Eaton did not follow a coordinated course of action during the phase of transition of the merger. It has been found that the low level of contact between two top managements decreased the efficiency of the Daimler-Chrysler merger. As Li and Liu (2014) mentioned, American dynamism faded under the subtle of German pressure. As Sakas et al. (2014) mentioned that a strong cultural and language barrier of US and Germany is the major weakness of the organization. Opportunities The Daimler-Chrysler merger had the opportunity to improve quality of production and engineering skills of employees. The company should have tried to look to increase distribution into the key markets of UK, Australia and Asian countries like India and China. The company also needed to look for new distribution channels to increase sales performance of the organization Threats The major threats of the company were that, it did not have an appropriate brand corporate identity, which decreased the brand loyalty of the company. As Phillips and Zhdanov (2013) stated, the amount of competition in the automotive industry had been increasing rapidly, as most of the car manufacturing companies increased investment on research and marketing of hybrid automotive. It was one of the major threats for the Daimler-Chrysler merger. PEST analysis Political As Li and Liu (2014) stated, it is the role of government to stimulate the car industry and yet impose control over the use of cars. It helps governments to develop an acceptable infrastructure and analyze the demand of car making industry among people of the country. It has been found that governments of most of the countries support car making companies, as they are a good source of job vacancy. The US government saves Chrysler with help of special Federal loan program (Cartwright 2012). As a renowned car making company, the Daimler-Chrysler merger has to face national government issues related with security policy and environment policy. Economic According to Phillips and Zhdanov (2013), during the time of merger, if organizations try to exist, they have to grow fast. Hence, the merger can become successful. The basic philosophy of merger is eat or get eaten. It has been found that price of cars in European countries are falling due to decline in the value of Euro. This price fluctuation increases the amount of merger and acquisition. As stated by Hill et al. (2014), due to the price fluctuation, Daimler-Chrysler merger had to face downfall in the sales. Increase of competition in the automotive industry and hike of the fuel price became obstacle for the success of the merger. Social As stated by Sakas et al. (2014), during the last century, cars have transformed the lifestyles of peoples in developing countries. It provides a new degree of freedom to people and new opportunities for work and leisure. Daimler-Chrysler had mainly positioned itself in three major automotive markets of Europe, North America and Asia. As stated by Cartwright (2012), rich population, who are quite fond of new car models composes these three markets. The company developed a large range of products that can attract peoples from all the societies. Technological Daimler-Chrysler had to take care about the technological changes that take place in the automotive industry in the last decade. The company had to invest a large amount of money in technology to take care of the environmental issues and to secure the customers as well. The company had to think about developing vehicles that run on bio-fuel or hybrid fuel. In order to become a sustainable and environment friendly organization, Daimler-Chrysler had to look to develop electric cars or bio-diesel cars. Analysis of the internal environments of Daimler-Chrysler merger In this section it has been discussed how the resources and capabilities of two organizations assist the merger to gain strategic advantage in the merger. Marketing The company Chrysler planned a market test that adequately revealed the value of the company Chrysler. It is known as sub rosa plan. The government of US asked the court to give permission to the company to be marketed with multiple bankruptcy claims. However, in the year of 2009, the US treasury and the US auto task force had rejected the stand-alone viability plan. The auto task force has announced to provide US $ 6 billion federal loan to the company Chrysler. In order to improve the financial condition, the company had made alliance with Mercedes. It was known as Daimler-Chrysler merger. During this merger the company Chrysler had restructured its debt and had to negotiate with the UAW and CAW unions in order decrease benefits of employees and to enhance productivity. On the other hand, the marketing mix of the company Mercedes is one of the best. As stated by Pervaiz and Zafar (2014), Mercedes is recognized as one of the most recognized global automobile companies. Effective development of advertising and marketing strategies helps the company to become the leader of the competitive automobile industry. The company is currently producing a wide range of advanced cars, trucks, cars and buses. The company has manufacturing facilities all over the world. As stated by Li and Liu (2014) product is the strongest P in the marketing mix of company Mercedes. The company has developed this merger in order to gain higher market share globally. Finance The company Chrysler had to face a net loss of US$ 1.6 billion. The problem of the company continued till 2008 due to the declining sales (Hill et al. 2014). For this reason, in the year of 2008, General Manager of the company Chrysler started the discussion about the merger with Mercedes. In the year of 2008, it has been announced that the company requires US $4 billion in order to continue its operation. In the year of 2009, the company sought US $7 billion financial aid from the government of US. The main reason behind the merger for the company Chrysler was that the sales figure of the company is declined by 54%. On the other hand every product of Mercedes helped to meet the unique needs and requirements of individuals. Mercedes also introduced a flexible finance offering to improve the experience of customers. This finance was known as STAR finance. As stated by Cartwright (2012), it includes options such as bullet finance, step-down finance and step-up finance. It helps the com pany to improve its productivity and profitability continuously. When the company Mercedes merged with Chrysler it tries to implement STAR finance within the business operation of the new emerged company. Operation and logistics Chrysler group developed a logistics operation plan to improve its business operation. The company has approached the Canadian Pacific Expressway division to use their new launched intermodal system that runs between Detroit and Montreal. The company developed a preliminary market study, for checking financial viability of the companys logistics program. When the Daimler-Chrysler merger is developed, a small team was developed to investigate the delivery operations in the standpoint of Daimler-Chrysler. The company has used just-in-time approach. The company Chrysler has taken help from a just-in-time coordinator from a Mercedes plant located in Germany. The just-in-time coordinator works at Brampton as a part of the ongoing information program for the Daimler-Chrysler merger. Human resource The company Chrysler was an American multinational automaker company was first developed as the Chrysler Corporation in the year of 1925 (Pervaiz and Zafar2014). The company faced some issues related with productivity and profitability due to economic fluctuation during the year of 2007. While the company makes merger with Mercedes, the company has developed some major changes in the human resource management system. The company has developed an effective development plan in order to attract more skilled and talented employees towards the company. As Cartwright (2012) mentioned the career planning process of the organization includes hiring planning and performance planning. The company has also developed various innovative activities that can help find out the skill, ability, experience and values of employees (Phillips and Zhdanov 2013). It helps to improve self-awareness, self-concept and career improvement plan for employees. The newly merged company also took care of career management plan for all employees. As stated by Pervaiz and Zafar (2014), it includes employee development, training programs and seminars. The company also takes the help of podcasts, screen capture, seminars and online learning activity to improve the skill and knowledge level of employees. As stated by Li and Liu (2014) the company Mercedes hires employees from diverse cultures. The management of Mercedes provided empo werment to their employees; so that they could take their own decisions in critical conditions. The management of Mercedes prohibits any kind of discrimination. When Mercedes merged with Chrysler, it tries to bring all those ethical practices in the human resource department. Implementation of strategies Outline Number Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 1 Proposal for merger and acquisition for Daimler-Chrysler merger 165 days Mon 6/27/16 Fri 2/10/17 1.1 Evaluating the gains in mergers and acquisitions 30 days Mon 6/27/16 Fri 8/5/16 1.1.1 investigate the reason of failure of merger and acquisition 1 mon Mon 6/27/16 Fri 7/22/16 1.1.2 strategic fit is given more importance at the cost of organizational fit 10 days Mon 7/25/16 Fri 8/5/16 3 1.2 Integration of Merger and Acquisition 50 days Mon 8/8/16 Fri 10/14/16 4 1.2.1 Integration of people 15 days Mon 8/8/16 Fri 8/26/16 4 1.2.2 Integration of systems 15 days Mon 8/29/16 Fri 9/16/16 6 1.2.3 Integration of manufacturing methods 1 mon Mon 9/19/16 Fri 10/14/16 7 1.3 HR Integration of Merger and Acquisition 25 days Mon 10/17/16 Fri 11/18/16 8 1.3.1 assimilating employees of both acquired as well as merging companies into a merged entity 15 days Mon 10/17/16 Fri 11/4/16 8 1.3.2 exercising the culture developing, learning facilitation, new products training as well as communication 10 days Mon 11/7/16 Fri 11/18/16 10 1.4 HR Interventions in Mergers and Acquisitions: 8 days Mon 11/21/16 Wed 11/30/16 11 1.4.1 Implementing quick decisions for the effective practices of the human resource transitions 3 days Mon 11/21/16 Wed 11/23/16 11 1.4.2 Develop a co-operative workforce within the organization 5 days Thu 11/24/16 Wed 11/30/16 13 1.5 Implementing appropriate strategies 52 days Thu 12/1/16 Fri 2/10/17 14 1.5.1 Investing on Research and development 10 days Thu 12/1/16 Wed 12/14/16 14 1.5.2 Avoiding duplication 1 day Thu 12/15/16 Thu 12/15/16 16 1.5.3 Regulation of monopoly 1 day Fri 12/16/16 Fri 12/16/16 17 1.5.4 Analysis of the internal environments 10 days Mon 12/19/16 Fri 12/30/16 18 1.5.5 Implementation of the marketing plan 10 days Mon 1/2/17 Fri 1/13/17 19 1.5.6 Improving on the financial strategies 10 days Mon 1/16/17 Fri 1/27/17 20 1.5.7 Improving on the operation and logistics 10 days Mon 1/30/17 Fri 2/10/17 21 Table 1: Proposal for implementation of Merger and acquisition strategies for Daimler-Chrysler merger (Source: Created by author) Recommendation Daimler-Chrysler Merger acquisition Daimler-Chrysler merger combined of two different cultures. The major differences of culture mostly regulated during the function team-orientation. Considering the management process of organizing, planning and controlling of the company, Daimler-Benz is more efficient and safe than the respective merger. However, the management of Chrysler is known for its risk taking approach. Daimler-Benz emphasizes on design, quality and engineering and after sales service. On the other hand, Chrysler is more focused on developing high volume and low cost car manufacturing and product distribution Daimler-Chrysler had to take care about the technological changes that take place in the automotive industry in the last decade. The company should have invested a large amount of money in technology to take care of the environmental issues and to secure the customers as well. The company could think about developing vehicles that run on bio-fuel or hybrid fuel in order to become a sustainable and environment friendly organization. It can be said that, Daimler-Chrysler could focus to develop electric cars or bio-diesel cars. If the organizations try to exist, they have to grow fast. Hence, the merger can become successful. The basic philosophy of merger is eat or get eaten. It has been found that price of cars in European countries are falling due to the fall off Euro. This price fluctuation increases the amount of merger and acquisition. Owing to the price fluctuation, Daimler-Chrysler merger had to face downfall in the sales. Increase of competition in the automotive industry and hike of the fuel price have become obstacle for the success of the merger. Change Management From the traditional sense of legal concept the merger is considered as the consolidation of two different business entities which can be focused to transforming into one single business entity in the global market. At the same time, the acquisition refers to the legal arrangement where any given organization controls the ownership of the equity interests, assets as well as sticks of the other business organization. However, the respective two basic business movements both are deeply focused on the consolidation of the entire organizational assets, liabilities along with strategic activities. Moreover, the company should also be developing an effective change management plan in order to facilitate the merger and acquisition process for both the companies. The career planning process of the organization includes hiring planning, performance planning. The company also has developed various innovative activities that can help to find out the skill, ability, experience and values of empl oyees. It would be helpful in improving self-awareness, self-concept and career improvement plan for employees. The newly merged company also takes care of change management plan for all employees. The plan should include employee development, training programs and seminars. The company should also be taking help of podcasts, screen capture, seminars and online learning activity to improve the skill and knowledge level of employees. The company Mercedes hires employees from diverse cultures. The management of Mercedes should be providing empowerment to their employees; so that they can take their own decisions in critical conditions. The management of Mercedes prohibits any kind of discrimination. When Mercedes merges with Chrysler, it should be trying to bring all those ethical practices in the human resource department. Daimler-Chrysler has to take care about the technological changes that take place in the automotive industry in the future. Conclusion In this assignment, the importance of merger and acquisition has been discussed. In order analyze the advantages and disadvantages of merger and acquisition the case study of Daimler-Chrysler has been selected. The desirability of merger can be analyzed by its capability to reduce market competition and its significance to improve economies of scale for any industry. Merger can enable a company to become more profitable. It also enables a company to gain greater funds that can be invested on research and development. It can give rise to potential economies of scale, which is known as horizontal merger. Horizontal scale can be quite extensive if the industry has high fixed cost. On the contrary, if a merger becomes vertical, then the scope of economics becomes lower. In some industries, mergers can occur in order to avoid duplication which is applicable for two car making rival companies in the same country. It has been found that sometimes a company can gain market monopoly power fro m a merger. However, it does not mean that a company a higher the price of products if it is sufficiently regulated by the government. There are some disadvantages of merger and acquisition which has also been discussed in this assignment. The major disadvantages of merger and acquisition are higher price, less choice, decreasing job options. Merger can reduce competition and provide monopoly of power to a company. With lesser competition and higher market share, a new organization can increase price for customers. Mergers can increase market monopoly and can lead to fewer choices for consumers. It is undesirable in any market condition. Mergers can lead to job losses. Job losses can occur due to aggressive takeover done by an asset stripping organization. Sometimes it has been found that firms can merge in order to get rid of the under-performing sectors of the organization. In order to analyze the advantage and disadvantage of Daimler-Chrysler merger, an internal and external analysis has been done. In the year of 1998 Worlds two leading car manufacturer companies agreed to combine their business. They claimed it to be merger of equals. This merger provided a greater scope of formingthe large automobile company, which ranked third in terms of revenues. However, it has been found that the German and American styles of management differed drastically. Merger and acquisition takes place in order to realize the synergies between two or more organizations. However, Daimler-Chrysler merger failed to understand the synergies that were expected from the merger. It has been found that cultures of two organizations differ highly. Chrysler encourages creativity while Daimler believes in methodical decision-making. There is a high disparity found in the company Chrysler. While Daimler-Benz dislikes huge pay disparities. Chrysler believes in flat structure while top -down management approach is used in Daimler-Benz Company. At first, German management granted Chrysler the freedom to do their work according to their will. They wanted to use the efficiency of Chrysler. 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Explain you response to the character of Juliet, exploring the ways in which Shakespeare presents her to the audience Essay Example

Explain you response to the character of Juliet, exploring the ways in which Shakespeare presents her to the audience Essay Juliet is a fervent and sensual character whom Shakespeare has also revealed to the audience as sly and ardent. She is young but presented to us as very mature, she receives all the audiences sympathies as she receives very little help or guidance from home. Trapped in love she conveys her readiness for sacrifice to be with her beloved; for this she receives our respect and so we have a special bond with her.I am writing about the character of Juliet in the Shakespeare play and exploring the ways in which Shakespeare presents her to the audience. This play is set in Verona, Italy in 1599 and is a play of two families the Capulets and Montagues who are in bitter feuds with each other. The setting in Verona Italy is appropriate to the play as the setting is known to people as the city of love which is one of the main focuses of the play.Juliet is part of the Capulet family and is 14 almost years old in the play when she faces tragedy. she is quickly regarded as a heroine. In the play J uliet is portrayed by Shakespeare as a compassionate and sensual character who stands up for what she believes in. She is frequently found in emotional and empathetic situations where she is stuck between two sides of a dispute. Throughout the play Shakespeare presents the audience with conflicting stages of compassion and emotion for Juliet such as when Juliet kills herself with a dagger after finding her beloved Romeo dead. In this Scene the audience are in grief and sorrow for Juliets tragic loss whilst Juliets death also brings a sense of anger to the audience towards Friar Lawrence for causing their deaths.Shakespeares Romeo Juliet derived from Brooks Tragical history of Romeus and Juliet this poem was about two feuding families and two lovers who are trapped between the hatred of their families. Shakespeare re-wrote this and speeded up the story lines as in Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet were together as a married couple for only one night whilst in Brooks version Romeus and Juliet spent 3 months together after they got married. Shakespeare also made Juliet younger. At this time boys and girls of 14 years of age could legally marry.In Act 1 Scene 2 Paris, a noble man asks Capulet, the father of Juliet, if he can marry Juliet, at first Capulet disagrees for Juliet to marry as she is at such a young age.My child is yet a stranger in the world(Act 1 Scene 2 p.g, 13 line(s) 8)Later Juliets father reconsiders and Lady Capulet (Juliets mother) asks Juliet if she would like to marry Paris. Shakespeare has made Paris want to marry Juliet because this would make him more powerful and rich seeing as Juliets family is wealthy and Juliet is the heir to the Capulets family estate.Shes the hopeful lady of my earth.(Act 1 Scene 2 p.g, 13 line(s) 15)Paris is endowed with qualities which make him a good choice of marriage for Juliet in her parents eyes. At this time Juliet hasnt thought of marriage before but lives to obey her parents wishes and says Ill see if I like him.Ill look to like, if looking liking move;But no more deep will I endart mine eye(Act 1 Scene 3 p.g, 20 line(s) 98-99)At this point in the play the audience are presented with Juliet as an obedient and respectful young girl. Juliets father arranges for Juliet to meet Paris at an organised party in their house. At the party Juliet meets Romeo the only son of the Montagues who she immediately falls in love with unaware of his identity as their families are bitter enemies.Juliet is first mentioned in the play in Act 1 Scene 3 this is irregular as she is one of the main characters of the play and she is not mentioned at the start of the play, but Shakespeare has done this intentionally to create intrigue in the play about the two families hated feud; this allows the audience to really feel intrigued about the two families abhorrence for each other. This is shown in the fight at the beginning of the play Act 1 Scene 1 p.g 6, line(s) 69.Capulet is some what hard-hearted towards Juliet as he seems to the audience of the play as uncaring to his daughters feelings and preoccupied with the fact that his daughter can have an advantageous marriage, which will be beneficial to the Capulet house hold; by the fact that the person Juliet marries (preferably Paris) will be rich and give the Capulet family a higher status.Lady Capulet also gives the impression to the audience of the play that she would value her husbands opinions and will over her daughters. The audience knows this because when Lady Capulet asks Juliet how she would feel if she was to get married, Juliet replies;It is an honour I dream not of.(Act 1 Scene 3 p.g, 19 line(s) 67)this is ambiguous. It could mean she doesnt want to get married to the audience.Lady Capulet is also shown to the audience as being uninterested with matters concerning Juliet, this becomes apparent to the audience when Lady Capulet reveals in her conversation with the nurse that she doesnt know her daughters age:Thou Knowest my daughters of a pretty age.(Act 1 Scene 3 p.g, 17 line(s) 11)Shakespeare has created this type of relationship between Juliet and her parents on purpose to generate sympathy amongst the audience for a girl who is kind and affectionate but unfortunate as she is trapped between her parents who dont pay attention to her and want their desires above hers. However, amidst all the hatred and calamity in Juliets life the nurse is presented to the audience as an affectionate and simple minded woman who has an aspiration to satisfy the needs of the young Juliet, she is also seen as a mother figure to Juliet as she is more close to her then her mother. This becomes obvious to the audience when the nurse says she has breast fed Juliet when she was young. The nurse reinforces the thought that she is a like a mother Juliet never had because she knows her birthday unlike her real mother. Shakespeare has done this to make the audience feel sympathetic towards Juliet as she has to rely on someone else to act like a mother figure to her.At the end of Act 1 Scene 3 the audience feel empathetic towards Juliet and feel sympathy for what they believe is a young girl trapped in the middle of her oppressive parents trying to force there will over hers, with total disregard for her feelings.Romeo and Juliet contrast distinctively which is pointed out to the audience in Scenes 3-5.Romeo is well established from the beginning of the play as he has close friends in Mercutio and Benvolio. Romeo is also shown to the audience at the very beginning of the play as being a victim of misguided courtley love with Rosaline. Shakespeare presents Romeo like this to the audience to give the impression that Romeo is a young man who is a misguided playboy type figure. Juliet seems more intelligent. She hasnt got any social life and rarely goes out. Girls had less freedom then.Act 1 Scene 2; at the party the background is set as Tybalt is angry at the presence of Romeo who is a Montague, however Capu let discredits him and acknowledges that Romeo is a gentleman. This scene is the first time the two star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet meet and talk.Romeo: Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?Juliet: Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer.(Act 1 Scene 5 p.g 29, line(s) 100-101)When the lovers Romeo and Juliet meet they exchange words and kiss, up until now the audience have thought of Juliet as a young simple girl who always obeyed her parents but is now being carried away by a wave of emotions she is feeling for someone she has only met for a couple of minutes. Unknown to Romeo and Juliet at this point are each others identities, that thery are from the rival families; Juliet from the Capulet and Romeo from the Montague.In Romeo and Juliets conversation; Shakespeare uses a sonnet to create a dramatic effect in the play, Shakespeare uses a love style sonnet for the two lovers conversation so the effect created is a type of falling into each others arms as they both end up kissing, this also signals to the audience that this is true love. The conversation is made by Shakespeare to sound very religious by the use of pilgrim and other religious imagery to sound as if the two were destined for each other; it also creates a romantic love atmosphere in the foreground with the background set as hatred, violence and abhorrence by their bitter families.The audience would be somewhat confused at this point of the play as Juliet (seen previously as a simple obedient young girl) kisses what to her is a complete stranger in the part of Romeo; who was in love in the beginning of the play with Rosaline.Act 2 Scene 2 is the balcony scene where Juliet after meeting Romeo at the party sighs about her new love unaware that Romeo is listening. Braced by confidence and assertiveness for her new love she openly says;But trust me, gentlemen, Ill prove more true(Act 2 Scene 2 p.g 38, line(s) 100)From this scene onwards Juliet starts to adopt a sense of the awarenes s of fortune which Shakespeare uses to foreground the theme of fate and in order to bring irony to the play as what Juliet predicts really does happens in the end. It is also used to make Juliet seem more clever and intelligent to the audience.Shakespeare reinforces the deep love of Juliet for Romeo when Juliet talks extravagantly of her love for Romeo.My bounty is as boundless as the sea,My love as deep; the more I give theeThe more I have, for both are infinite.(Act 2 Scene 2 p.g 39, line(s) 133-135)After Juliet meets Romeo Shakespeare has made Juliet seem more mature and shrewd, through the use of Juliets aptitude to predict her fate; which I mentioned earlier. Shakespeare also makes Juliet more mature because this allows the audience to feel Juliets love for Romeo as being so strong that it can change her attitude. She is acting impulsively now and we are anxious for her.In Act 2 Scene 5 the nurse acting as a go between tells Juliet of Romeos plans to get married with the aid o f Friar Lawrence. In this scene Juliet is impatient and eagerly awaits news from her nurse about Romeo, in this scene Shakespeare starts to use similes and metaphors in Juliets language.Unwieldy, slow, heavy, and pale as lead.(Act 2 Scene 5 p.g 53, line(s) 17)Here she says that the nurse moves slowly. Other similes and metaphors Juliet used in this scene are;She would be as swift in motion as a ball(Act 2 Scene 5 p.g 53, line(s) 13)These are used effectively to emphasise her impatience for news of Romeo. They also revel Juliets witty side. Imagery is used by Shakespeare to enable Juliet to express the deep love she feels for Romeo;Loves heralds should be thoughts(Act 2 Scene 5 p.g 53, line(s) 4)The audience of the play can feel the depth of love between Romeo and Juliet which Shakespeare is trying to convey, through Juliets use of metaphors and similes. This use also brings out dramatic tension in the play as Juliet waits anxiously for news of Romeo; it is used by Shakespeare bec ause the audience sympathise with Juliet and want her and Romeo to be together, however it wont happen. Shakespeare also uses her language to make the audience empathise with her and feel the suffering she is going through mentally.Shakespeare gives Juliet major soliloquies to make up for her passive role and to inform the audience about Juliets character, thoughts and state of mind, often women at this time would not have been able to express their opinions and thoughts. So by the use of soliloquies the audience can empathise with her throughout the play. Soliloquies are used to allow us to read her mind as she is desperate for news of Romeo;Perchance she cannot meet him: thats not so.O, she is lame!(Act 2 Scene 5 p.g 53, line(s) 3-4)This is telling the audience exactly what frame of mind she is in.In Act 3 Scene 1 Mercutio livid with Romeos unwillingness to accept Tybalts challenge draws up his own sword and fights Tybalt; in the process they are both killed. Meanwhile Juliet is eagerly waiting for the nurse on news of Romeo; she is unaware of Tybalts, her cousins death, she is also unaware of Romeos banishment to Mantua for killing him.Later when the nurse gets back to Juliet she tells her the bad news of Tybalts death and Romeos banishment;Tybalt is gone and Romeo banished,Romeo that killd him, he is banished(Act 3 Scene 2 p.g 69, line(s) 69-70)Juliets heart feels torn by her conflicting emotions over Romeos exclusion and Tybalts deaths, at the end of the scene she grieves for the loss of her husband.There is no end, no limit, measure, bound,In that words death, no words can that woe sound.Where is my father and my mother, Nurse?(Act 3 Scene 3 p.g 71, line(s) 125-127)Juliet uses lots of oxymorons as she tries to reason through the situation. Who has she married? Is he a:Beautiful tyrant, fiend angelicalDove-featherd raven, wolvish-ravening lamb!(Act 3 Scene 2 p.g 69, line(s) 75-76)Oxymorons are contradictory words put together to reflect her frustratio n as she tries to find the right language. Juliet is married but not had sex before and feels cheated. She wants to experience it:O, I have bought the mansion of a love,But not possessed it, and though I am sold,Not yet enjoyd.(Act 3 Scene 2 p.g 67, line(s) 26-28)Juliet also says;Give me my Romeo, and when I shall dieTake him and cut him out in little stars,And he will make the face of heaven so fineThat all the world will be in love with night (Act 3 Scene 2 p.g 67, line(s) 21-24)Shakespeare has done this intentionally to create a canny combination of love and death; He uses contrasts cleverly and with irony to show Juliets passion and innocence because they will both be dead soon.The audience are made to question Juliets loyalty regarding Romeo and her family. When Capulet tells Juliet to marry Paris her family becomes less important to her which Shakespeare points out clearly to the audience when she tries to mislead her mother;Good pardon him, I do with all my hart:And yet no man like he doth grieve my heart.(Act 3 Scene 5 p.g 83, line(s) 83-84)Juliet also manipulates her father;Good father, I beseech you on my knees,Hear me with patience but to speak a word(Act 3 Scene 5 p.g 86, line(s) 158-159)This attitude change of Juliet towards her parents is intentionally used by Shakespeare to make the audience see her strong will and utter loyalty to Romeo. She is rather distant from her mother when she lies to her;Indeed I never shall be satisfiedWith Romeo, till I behold him-dead-(Act 3 Scene 5 p.g 83, line(s) 93-94)This is ironic because it is exactly what happens.As the play goes on, her family and the nurse become less important to her. Shakespeare represents Juliet as genuinely upset about what has happened which proves to the audience how much she loves Romeo.Act 3 Scene 5 is a very tough time for Juliet as Lady Capulet brings her news about her arranged marriage to Paris.At the end of Act 3 Scene 5 Juliet feels let down by her mother and father, even the nurse who was previously on her side and stuck by her throughout her experiences with Romeo; the person she trusted most lets her down. The nurse tells Juliet;Nurse: I think it best you married with the county.Juliet replies sarcastically: Well, thou hast comforted me marvellous much.(Act 3 Scene 5 p.g 87, line(s) 217)Shakespeare has intentionally created this situation of abandonment for Juliet as it makes the audience feel sorry for her, as she is a young girl and everyone has let her down except Romeo.In Act 4 Scene 1 Juliet meets Paris at the church where they are to get married. Paris talks to Juliet passionately; Juliet replies with courtesy, however when she is with Friar Lawrence she grieves over her unhappy situation with Paris and threatens to kill herself rather than to break her sacred marriage vow to Romeo. Juliet also becomes rather hysterical about the thought of a marriage to Paris.Juliet: chain me with roaring bears,Or hide me nightly in a charnel-house,Oercove rd quite with dead mens rattling bones,(Act 4 Scene 1 p.g 87, line(s) 80-82)Again this is ironic as this will inspire the Friars plot.In Juliets desperation to get out of her arranged marriage with Paris the Friar offers her a way out; a potion which is taken which will make her fall into a coma and takes up the appearance of death. At this point the Friar would call Romeo to rescue Juliet. She agrees to it. Later Juliet returns home and asks forgiveness from her father;By holy Lawrence to fall prostrate hereTo beg your pardon.(Act 4 Scene 2 p.g 94, line(s) 20-21)This brings her father into a frenzy of excitement; pleased with Juliets new obedience he decides to hold the wedding a day early.Juliet torments herself in Act 4 Scene 3 where she has a brave but disturbing soliloquy over the Friars intentions as to whether the potion would actually work before she swallows it:What if it be a poison which the friarSubtly hath ministerd to have me dead,(Act 4 Scene 3 p.g 96, line(s) 24-2 5)however although she is frightened and petrified she reminds herself that the Friar is a holy man and has good intentions so she takes the potion and goes to sleep in her bedroom to allow the potion to take effect.This situation Juliet is in brings her closer to us the audience as she is being brave although afraid over the potion; she takes it in the hope of being reunited with her beloved Romeo for loves sake. The audience is also feeling frightened for Juliet and hope the potion works so she wakes in time to be rescued by Romeo. Up until this point in the play the audience felt sympathy for Juliet being such a young girl she is and stuck between her parents will to overcome hers but now we the audience have a bond with her and feel the emotions and suffering she goes through so we want things to work out for her. We are terrified for her as she imagines the ghost of Tybalt and her ancestors bones in the tomb.In Act 4 Scene 5 the discovery of Juliets death is slow; we know she i s in a coma however everyone else is unaware, when the Nurse finds Juliet dead she is in a flurry and makes a scene she seems to be the only one in the Capulet house hold to weep. Juliets mother only seems disappointed as she had one daughter and she is dead;Cruel Death hath catchd it from my sight!(Act 4 Scene 5 p.g 100, line(s) 48)We the audience find it difficult in this scene to sympathize with the grief of the Capulets house hold as we know Juliet isnt really dead; this is especially true for the father who almost over exaggerates;Despisd, distressed,hated, martyrd killd!Uncomfortable time, why camst thou nowTo murder, murder our solemnity?(Act 4 Scene 5 p.g 101, line(s) 59-61)The lack of weeping from the parents reinforces for the audience the fact that Juliet was unloved by them and that Romeo is the best thing for her, as we the audience are closer to her then we ever were we want whats good for her.Juliet actually dies alone in the vault where her body has been moved, she kills herself with a dagger after finding her beloved Romeo dead. Even the Friar leaves because he is scared when he hears a noise.As life has no meaning without Romeo, Juliet has no reason to live so she kills her self violently with the use of a dagger which she bravely and poignantly plunges into her chest;O happy dagger, This is my sheath.(Act 5 Scene 3 p.g 116, line(s) 169-170)By Juliets suicide being carried out in such a violent way she is presented to the audience as brave and courageous; her actions show us that she is loyal to Romeo to the end even though she could have left she prefers death to life without Romeo.Shakespeare presents Juliet as an imaginative, impetuous and mature girl who is a victim of oppression by her parents. Her character sometimes quite sensual is also presented to the audience as sly and ardent. We the audience have a bond with her as she goes through the play feeling conflicting emotions for what she believes in. Juliet has a much more complex c haracter than Romeo whose been well established from the very beginning of the play, her imagination is some what over the top which makes her more interesting then Romeo.Shakespeare uses Juliet to predict forthcoming events to the audience through her major soliloquies. Juliet deserves the status of a tragic heroine because she has all the makings of one; she sacrifices herself in the name of love and she is proven to be courageous and valiant through her suicide. She is indeed true and faithful, and ends the feud through her suffering.

Shianne Buie Chap 19 CC Throughout its history, Am Essays

Shianne Buie Chap 19 CC Throughout its history, Am Essays Shianne Buie Chap 19 CC Throughout its history, America has served as the destination point for a steady flow of immigrants. Our country has even earned itself a nickname, " The melting pot " in reference to the numerous cultures that make up the population. After reading over the European Immigration mentioned in the chapter I found myself curious about the circumstances of first immigrants to ever come to America. Funny enough my curiosity also led me to decide on comparing and contrasting these two immigration periods in American history. It ' s no secret that millions of people from all over the globe have come to call the United States their home throughout the years. From the first ever settler to the most recent new citizen, each and every person had a reason for coming here. Whatever that reason when they came they brought their culture, ideals, religion and many other things along with them. It ' s because of these people that America is such a unique place and without the immigrations of the past we would not be the country we are today. During the colonial era most i mmi grants came from England, while smaller numbers hailed from France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and other northern European countries. While i n contrast, the immigrants who arrived during the urbanization of America came from all four corners of Europe. There were those who came from northern and western Europe, particularly Germany, Great Britain, and the Nordic countries . While there were also immigrants who hailed from the southern and eastern European countries, including Italy, Greece, Russia and Poland. The people who immigrated in our country were from all different walks of life. A great deal of the first ever immigrants were indentured servants bound to servitude in the new world. The rest were pilgrims seeking religious freedom, aristocrats seeking their fortunes and countless others who merely wanted a fresh start. Whether they were a servant or the second son of a lord, the living conditions were harsh for the first immigrants. The journeys across the sea weren ' t all too kind and the life of land was that easy either. Many people died of disease, starvation and some even froze to death during the winters. Now it was a different story when it came to the later arrivals, most of which were penniless, uneducated peasants who could not speak or understand English at all. They, like the first immigrants, were drawn to America due to the mere promises of religious freedom and financial stability. However there were some differences in the reasoning of the two waves of migrants as well. Many of the new arrivals had also been forced out of their homelands due to famines, while others left to escape political or racial persecutio n, and even compulsory military servi ce. Whatever reason immigrants had for comin g the United States a great number of them came indeed. While the first immigrants had to make their own societies from scratch and overcome the environmental struggles, the later arrivals didn ' t have such a hard time. When the industrial economy started booming many new workers were needed in America and this need was met by countless immigrants arriving from Europ e. This level of immigration caused both the American and overall foreign population to increase significantly. While the specifics on the increase in population for the first immigrants are not entirely certain due to lack of documentation, the rise in numbers due to later migration is known. It is said that the European immigrants came to America by the boat loads during the late eighteen hundreds and according to the textbook, by 1890 over 80 percent of the New York population was either an immigrant or a child of one. Add the first wave of immigration to this and one can surely say that the maj ority of America is descended from immigrants. The waves in question defiantly had their differences, but the immigrants of both times periods seemed to have more in common than one would've initially thought.